Carnatic Music Terms
- Kalpanaswaram
Kalpanaswaram literally means
imagined swarams. It is the singing of swarams of the rāgam of a song,
following the completion of the song. Though many phrases of the swarams may
have been practiced, experienced artists may spontaneously play new phrases within
the rāgam's rules - hence the term Kalpana. It is an improvisation of the
rāgam, by singing the swarams, namely Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha and Ni.
- Tānam
Tānam is rhythmic / rhythm based
improvisation of the rāgam. It is done with rhythm based syllables like tha,
nam, thom and na. It is usually included as second part in a RāgamTānamPallavi.
Western Music Terms
- Canon
(Latin) "Rule."The
strictest form of counterpoint. After the initial statement of a melody in one
"voice," all subsequent "voices" must imitate that melody
exactly (note for note), or with only minimal adjustments. The melody must be
composed so that it sounds "correct" when played "against"
itself. The imitatations may begin on the same pitch, or on another pitch (in
which case all the notes will have to be "transposed" to maintain the
integrity of the melody). Canons are usually part of larger works; perhaps the
most renowned collection of canons is contained in J.S. Bach's Musical
Offering. "Row, Row, your Boat" is a familiar example of a simple
canon.
- Cantabile
[kahn-tah-bee-lay] (Italian)
"Singing." Music performed in a singing style. The term can be added
to a tempo marking (andante cantabile, for example) or placed over a melodic
line.
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